Discover the flora and fauna of Machu Picchu

Importance of flora and fauna in Machu Picchu

The flora and fauna of Machu Picchu have great importance not only for their natural beauty but also for their ecological and cultural value. The rich biodiversity present in the area is fundamental to maintaining the ecological balance and sustainability of the region.

In addition, the biodiversity of Machu Picchu is a living testimony to the rich history and culture of the Andean people. The flora and fauna of the Machu Picchu area have been used for centuries by local inhabitants, both for food and traditional medicine.

Machu Picchu flora

The flora of Machu Picchu is varied and rich in species, with more than 2,000 plant species identified in the area. Among the most common plants are orchids, bromeliads, ferns, mosses, and lichens. There is also a great variety of trees, such as alder, cedar, quina, and molle, that grow along the valley.

One of the most outstanding aspects of the flora of Machu Picchu is the presence of a great variety of endemic species that are only found in this region. Among them are the Machu Picchu orchids, such as the Masdevallia veitchiana, and the Polylepis, a tree that grows at high altitudes.

Endemic and endangered species

• Q’ente, also known as “sensu”, is a shrub that grows in the high parts of the Peruvian Andes.
• Sisa, is a herbaceous plant that grows in the high areas of the Peruvian Andes.
• Cantuta, is a flower that has become a national symbol of Peru.
• Queñua, is a tree that is found in the high areas of the Peruvian Andes.

Inca sacred plants

• Coca, was one of the most important plants in Inca culture. It was considered sacred due to its medicinal and religious properties. Coca was used in religious rituals and was also chewed as a stimulant to combat fatigue and hunger.
• Muña, was another sacred plant for the Incas. It was used to treat stomach and respiratory problems, as well as to repel insects and other unwanted animals.
• Sacha inchi, was considered sacred for its nutritional properties. Sacha inchi seeds contain high levels of essential fatty acids and proteins.

Machu Picchu fauna

The fauna of Machu Picchu is equally impressive and varied, with more than 400 species of birds identified in the region. Among the most common birds are the hummingbird, tangara, quetzal, and Andean condor.

Also, a great variety of mammals can be found, such as the spectacled bear, the vicuña, the puma, and the howler monkey. Reptiles and amphibians are also present in the area, with species such as the Andean toad and the lizard.

Endemic and endangered species

Machu Picchu is home to numerous endemic animal species, meaning that they only inhabit this region of the world. Unfortunately, endangered species such as the spectacled bear are also found here.

• Mammals: Among the most common mammals in Machu Picchu are spectacled bears, who “usually feed on fruits, leaves, insects, and small mammals,” pumas, who “usually feed on deer, guanacos, and other small mammals,” and monkeys. These animals are crucial to the ecosystem of the area.
• Birds: Machu Picchu is also a privileged place to observe a great variety of birds, such as:
• Cock-of-the-rock: The cock-of-the-rock is a very showy and colorful species that inhabit the rocky areas of Machu Picchu. Males have intense orange plumage and a fan-shaped feather crest.
• Hummingbirds: In Machu Picchu, various species of hummingbirds can be found, some of which are endemic to the area. These birds are fundamental for the pollination of the plants in the region.
• Andean condor: The Andean condor is one of the largest birds in the world and is considered a symbol of freedom and strength in Andean culture. These birds can be seen flying over the mountains of Machu Picchu.
• Amphibians and reptiles: In the Machu Picchu area, various species of amphibians and reptiles can also be found, such as the giant frog of Lake Titicaca, lizards, and snakes.

Human impact on the flora and fauna of Machu Picchu

Human presence in Machu Picchu has left an important mark on local biodiversity. The construction of roads, trails, and buildings has altered the natural habitat of many species. Agriculture and livestock farming have also had a negative impact on the flora and fauna of the area.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Flora and Fauna of Machu Picchu

What types of animals can be found in Machu Picchu?

In Machu Picchu, you can find a wide variety of animals, including the spectacled bear, taruca (a type of deer), vizcacha (a long-tailed rodent), several species of birds such as the cock-of-the-rock and condor, and many types of butterflies.

What are some of the most common plants in Machu Picchu?

Is there any sacred plant in Machu Picchu?

Are there any endangered species in Machu Picchu?

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