Step into the heart of the ancient Inca Empire with a journey to Cusco and the Sacred Valley. Cusco, once the capital of the Inca civilization, is a vibrant city brimming with history, culture, and stunning colonial architecture built atop Inca foundations. Just a short distance away lies the Sacred Valley, a breathtaking region dotted with picturesque villages, terraced hillsides, and awe-inspiring archaeological sites like Pisac, Ollantaytambo, and Moray.
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Where is Cusco and the Sacred Valley of the Incas located?
You may be wondering if Cusco and the Sacred Valley of the Incas are the same place. First of all, Cusco is the center of the city of the department of Cusco and the Sacred Valley of the Incas is located in the district of Urubamba.
Cusco is located in southern Peru in the Andean region at 3399 meters above sea level (11151.57 feet), was the historic capital of the Inca empire and is currently recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site and is known as the Rome of America. Every year it celebrates the Intiraymi known as the festival of the sun.
Sacred Valley of the Incas extends along the Urubamba River was an important agricultural center due to the fertility and warm climate of the place and is frequently visited by visitors, in the Ollantaytambo Station is one of the starting points for the visit to Machu Picchu.
How is the Sacred Valley of the Incas?
The Sacred Valley of the Incas stretches along the Vilcanota River, connecting iconic destinations such as Pisac, the town of Urubamba, Ollantaytambo, Chinchero, the salt mines of Maras, Moray, Calca, and Cayac. Today, these locations are home to remarkable archaeological centers that once played a vital role in the Inca Empire. From ancient ruins and terraced fields to vibrant markets and breathtaking landscapes, the Sacred Valley offers a fascinating journey into the heart of one of history’s most impressive civilizations.
All the places you can visit in the Sacred Valley
These places were integral to the ancient Inca civilization, strategically located to support both agricultural and religious activities. This strategic positioning not only facilitated the development of advanced farming techniques and spiritual practices but also played a key role in the growth and prosperity of the empire.
Pisac
If you’re considering a tour package, Pisac will likely be your first stop. This charming village is not only known for its traditional goldsmithing but also holds immense historical significance. During the Inca Empire, Pisac was one of the most important towns, renowned for its vast terraces and impressive agricultural production. At the top of the mountain, you’ll find the Temple of the Sun, home to the Intihuatana—a sacred and ancient monument used by the Incas as an astronomical observatory, a sundial, and a site for spiritual connection. This remarkable site offers a glimpse into the ingenuity and spirituality of the Inca civilization.
Urubamba
Urubamba is located in the Cusco region, nestled within the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Known for its mild climate, stunning landscapes, and rich historical significance, Urubamba was a vital hub for the Inca Empire. Thanks to its favorable climate and fertile soil, the Incas constructed agricultural terraces and advanced irrigation systems to cultivate crops like corn. Today, Urubamba is not only a place of historical wonder but also an ideal spot for visitors to acclimatize to the altitude, making it a perfect starting point for exploring the Sacred Valley.
Ollantaytambo
Ollantaytambo, a key part of the Sacred Valley of the Incas, served as an agricultural, military, and religious center during the Inca Empire. It was a strategic stronghold where the Inca sought refuge and led resistance efforts against Spanish colonization. Today, the Ollantaytambo archaeological site is a remarkable historical monument, famous for its massive terraces and breathtaking views from the Temple of the Sun overlooking the town. This site is also a popular destination for tourists, as it is home to the Ollantaytambo train station—the starting point for journeys to Aguas Calientes, the gateway to Machu Picchu.
Chinchero
Chinchero, located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas within the Cusco region, was once a significant religious and ceremonial center. It is believed to have been the resting place of Inca Tupac Yupanqui, who ordered the construction of palaces and agricultural terraces here. During the Spanish conquest, a colonial church was built on the foundations of the Inca palace, creating a striking blend of Inca and colonial architecture. This unique fusion makes Chinchero a must-visit destination on any trip to Peru.
Today, Chinchero is also renowned for its traditional textiles, crafted by local artisans. These handmade creations, which include coats, ponchos, and other items, are part of a rich cultural heritage. Made from natural fibers such as sheep, alpaca, and vicuña wool, these textiles are not only beautiful but also a testament to the enduring traditions of the Andean people.
Maras
Maras, located in the Cusco region within the Sacred Valley of the Incas, is home to one of the most unique salt extraction sites in the world. For centuries, this place has been renowned for its artisanal salt production. The process begins by channeling water from a mountain spring into a series of shallow ponds. As the water evaporates under the sun, it leaves behind crystallized salt. This natural salt, free of iodine but rich in minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium, has been harvested by local communities using traditional methods since Inca times. The striking landscape of thousands of white salt ponds down the mountainside makes Maras a must-see destination for visitors.
Moray
Moray, located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, was an agricultural research center during the Inca Empire. Its unique circular terraces, resembling an amphitheater, create a remarkable microclimate with temperature variations of up to 15°C from the deepest level to the surface. This ingenious design allowed the Incas to experiment with crops at different altitudes and conditions. Additionally, Moray features a highly sophisticated irrigation system that prevents water from pooling at the bottom, showcasing the advanced engineering skills of the Inca civilization. Today, Moray stands as a fascinating testament to the ingenuity and agricultural expertise of the ancient Incas.
How to go to this archaeological center?
Here are some tips on how to explore the Sacred Valley. This tour can be done by car or as part of an organized tour package. In the image below, you’ll find the route and the locations of the archaeological sites.
Activities you can do in the sacred valley of the Incas
- ATV Ride: This activity takes place in the town of Maras. It includes a ride through the routes of the Sacred Valley, a visit to the Inca agricultural research center at Moray, and a stop at the Maras Salt Mines.
- Bicycle Tour from Abra Málaga (the Highest Point): This tour begins at Abra Málaga, the highest point, where you’ll embark on an exhilarating bike ride downhill. Along the way, you’ll be treated to breathtaking views of the entire Sacred Valley. This activity is suitable for everyone, whether you’re an experienced cyclist or a beginner, as the descent follows a concrete path from Abra Málaga. If you don’t have a bicycle or transportation to reach the starting point, it’s recommended to book a pre-arranged tour package designed for this activity.
- Rafting on the Urubamba River: This activity takes place on the Vilcanota River, which was considered sacred by the Incas as it represented the Milky Way and the universe. The tour begins in the Pachar area, located about 15 minutes from the town of Urubamba. Most companies offering this service are based there, making it easy to find. If you’re planning to include this activity during your trip to Peru, it’s highly recommended to book through a reputable tour agency that provides all the necessary equipment and safety gear.
- Paragliding in the Sacred Valley Sacro hill: If you would like to perform this extreme sport in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, an excellent place is the Sacred Hill located at the top of Chincheros, an ideal place for this activity where there are strong winds.
- Rock Climbing and Glamping: This is an adrenaline-pumping activity you can enjoy in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, near the town of Urubamba. It involves climbing the rocks of a cliff and then resting in a glass dome designed to accommodate up to four people. From the dome, you can take in stunning views of the entire Sacred Valley and enjoy a breathtaking sight of the stars at night.
What do I need to go?
- You can visit these places by purchasing a tour package or by exploring on your own.
- Before visiting these tourist sites, you’ll need to buy a tourist ticket in the city of Cusco. This ticket can be purchased at the nearest archaeological centers in Cusco or at the entrance of the first archaeological site you visit.
- If you opt for a tour package, make sure to check whether the entrance fees to the archaeological sites are included.
Tips for your visit
- Before visiting the archaeological sites in the sacred valley it is important that you take the rest of the day after your arrival in Cusco and you can acclimatize quickly, remember that drinking coca tea will help alleviate the symptoms of altitude sickness.
- Avoid consuming heavy food and carbohydrates that hinder your digestion, due to the altitude of the place.
- If you are thinking of doing the Sacred Valley tour, it is important to carry cash, since some of the places do not accept payment cards.
- Wear waterproof clothes: It is necessary to wear waterproof clothes during the rainy season, since the weather is a bit unpredictable from November to March.
- Warm clothing: It is important to bring warm clothing if you visit these places during the cold season from May to August.
- Sunscreen: Carry sunscreen with you at all times due to the altitude in the Cusco region and the intense heat can burn your skin.
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Portuguese: MACHUPICCHUPACOTES
Spanish: VIAJESMACHUPICCHUTOURS
English: PERUGRANDTRAVEL
